Often I hear and read graduates produce statements such as ‘ I wish I had analytical skills’, and ‘ I wish I could do more than retaining information’.
Academic analysis is not a gift, at least to me, is the application of rigorous methods of thought development that lead to the production of valuable academic analysis to the global academic world.
You do not have to be an academic, you can be an independent researcher and creator who longs to find better ways to understand the world so as to produce a positive change that resonates in the lives of many and brings many more to the point of wanting to do the same: change the world for better.
When I wrote the magazine Afghanistan UK Bridge issues and special series such as the Fintech and Electrical Cars Series, I wanted to bring the best of Afghanistan so the world could intellectually march to the tune of a song without bullets and bombs.
This would be the platform where Afghans, British, Americans and everyone else would see the country as a diplomatic and economic point where different views did not really matter, only the interest to see the economic and world value of Afghanistan and how peace would be vital to profit from such.
Seeing carnage from an intellectual point of view meant seeing beyond today’s pain and above today’s enemies and battles.
My today of the time was somewhere in 2018 when I knew that my beyond and above were not shared nor seen by most of my readers. This meant that my set of analytical skills would have to be on point to provide an experience where Afghans in both sides of the conflict between the then Afghan Government vs the Taliban and the international key players would have to be all together somewhere in between my beyond and above - and such was only possible when objectivity and analytical skills were applied methodically and in a manner that would be indisputably possible to take most of my readers with me to beyond and above.
Hence why I have chosen this particular issue of the magazine Afghanistan UK Bridge dating September 2018 to illustrate how critical thinking can find a point where we can look at something that has been revised more than a thousand times like the 9/11, and apply academic methods of analysis that not only invite new ways of seeing over revised historical events, but also join and harmonise different and opposing side of conflicts such as the terrible Afghan vs US and allies conflict that we do not want to see return to our realities , and if possible not even in our nightmares.
In an era characterised by an overwhelming volume of information and dynamic geopolitical shifts, the capacity for incisive academic analysis and the adept utilisation of diverse resources are indispensable for making meaningful intellectual contributions and ensuring professional utility. This master lesson serves as a comprehensive guide to cultivating these advanced analytical skills.
The 'Afghanistan UK Bridge Magazine', particularly Issue XIV from September 2018, stands as a compelling practical example of profound analytical engagement. Its exploration of intricate geopolitical issues, such as Russia's historical involvement in nationalist movements and its alleged connection to the 9/11 events, exemplifies a methodical approach to research and critical thought. Beyond its specific content, the very existence of such a publication and its willingness to tackle controversial subjects, like questioning the traditional attribution of 9/11, demonstrate a profound commitment to independent inquiry. This commitment to challenging established narratives and offering alternative perspectives, even if contentious, inherently showcases a high degree of intellectual courage. This ability to think beyond accepted frameworks and provoke deeper consideration is a crucial, often unstated, component of intellectual usefulness.
Academic Analytical thinking like laws have a foundation ( principles) from which rules, values and methods rise and shape the work as a whole.
I, a mere independent researcher, want to teach you the methods used to lay the foundations of your analytical work and how to use and apply the most important analytical tools of thought.
We will start by distilling the core tenets that underpin robust academic analysis, as demonstrably applied in the 'Afghanistan UK Bridge Magazine'.
Academic rigour fundamentally begins with a "passionate attraction to primary sources". This principle necessitates seeking out original documents, official reports, and direct accounts to construct an argument from foundational evidence, rather than relying solely on secondary interpretations. When I authored the 'Afghanistan UK Bridge Magazine' I explicitly articulated this approach, stating my "natural vocation and passionate attraction to primary sources".
This commitment is evident in the meticulous references to a variety of primary and highly authoritative secondary sources:
The U.S. Department of Justice Report 'THE THREAT OF RUSSIAN ORGANIZED CRIME', Issues In International Crime, 2001.
The Library of Congress-Federal Research Division report, 'Involvement of Russian Organized Crime Syndicates, Criminal Elements in the Russian Military, and Regional Terrorist Groups in Narcotics Trafficking in Central Asia, The Caucasus and Chechnya' (2002).
The Digital Archive-International History Declassified at the Wilson Centre, specifically for primary sources on the Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan in December 1979.
The 'TRANSCRIPT OF BREZHNEV HONECKER SUMMIT IN EAST BERLIN (EXCERPT ON IRAN AND AFGHANISTAN)' (1979), also from the Wilson Centre digital archive.
References to Saddam Hussein's archives, specifically a 1976 document detailing KGB training of Iraqi Secret Services, as discussed in Richard Deacon's 1987 book 'A History of the Russian Secret Service'.
Vasili Mitrokhin's 'The Mitrokhin Archive-The KGB in Europe and the West' (2000), which draws on his direct access to KGB archives as a former officer.
The proactive pursuit and integration of obscure or less-publicised primary sources, such as internal KGB documents or specific historical archives, exemplify a commitment to foundational truth-seeking that extends beyond readily available information. This almost investigative approach to evidence forms the bedrock of truly robust and original analysis. It demonstrates that genuine intellectual rigour involves delving deeper than superficial accounts, often into less accessible but highly authoritative primary materials, to uncover unique and substantiated perspectives.
Effective analysis transcends a mere collection of facts; it constructs a structured narrative that connects events chronologically and identifies underlying causal relationships. This method allows for a more profound understanding of how historical trajectories shape present realities. While authoring the 'Afghanistan UK Bridge Magazine' I consistently employed this technique to establish historical patterns and causal chains:
The connection between the US and Russian presidential elections in 2000 and the subsequent crackdown on Russia's role in gun supply and corruption.
Tracing the establishment of Al Qaeda in Afghanistan to the division and frustration within the Afghanistan Armed Resistance against Russia's invasion, and Al Qaeda's assassination of the Afghan Resistance Leader shortly before 9/11.
Highlighting the Soviet Union's ideological fuelling of National Liberation Movements in Palestine, Central Asia, and Africa as a historical precursor to their transformation into militant armed groups.
Noting Paul Dukes' observation of a recurring "pattern of US-Soviet Trade Deal Bill followed by Russia invasion of a country followed by a signing of the invaded country of a supply deals with the US".
When executed effectively, chronological linking moves beyond simple sequencing to reveal cyclical patterns and predictive implications in geopolitical behaviour. The repeated pattern of trade deals preceding invasions and subsequent supply agreements, as observed by Dukes, suggests a cynical, long-term strategic playbook rather than isolated incidents. This capacity to identify and articulate such recurring patterns is a hallmark of advanced analytical foresight, enabling a more profound understanding not just of what transpired, but why it continues to occur and what might be anticipated next.
A critical lens in academic analysis requires moving beyond stated intentions to uncover the underlying economic, political, and ideological forces that drive actions and conflicts. This approach questions surface-level explanations to reveal deeper truths. The 'Afghanistan UK Bridge Magazine' consistently applies this principle:
The assertion that Russia and Israel have allied for "money and power, unleashing the most vicious conquest of International Defence and Natural Resources markets".
The argument that Russia's military involvement in Third World countries and its supply of guns to terrorist groups benefited from a "vicious war machine".
A detailed analysis of how "Contemporary Russian Organised Crime grew up of the Soviet 'nomenclature' system" and operated across legal, regulated, and illegal markets.
The claim that Russia's "trademark is the trademark of the Last Slavic Bully Warrior and that is the only trademark that can truly keep Russia fuelling and profiting from conflicts".
Discussion of Russia's military power enabling interference in unbalanced regional conflicts and the exercise of economic pressure over its neighbours, citing historical treaties and natural resource contracts.
Japan's assessment that Russia's power in Central Asia and the Caucasus is a "valuable asset" to be leveraged through unilateral diplomatic relations, linked to Russia's military supplies to China and its diplomatic weight in multinational organisations.
The argument that the "persona 'Russia the Last Slavic Bully Warrior' is a Soviet Union character created with an Ideological component that presently has an economic machine dynamic that requires an isolated persona in an unknown economic financial market".
The consistent emphasis on economic drivers, such as natural resource exploitation, the arms trade, and organised crime, as primary motivators behind geopolitical actions—even when cloaked in ideological or security rhetoric—reveals a sophisticated materialist interpretation of international relations. This goes beyond simple political commentary to suggest that financial gain is frequently the ultimate, hidden objective, thereby making the analysis more penetrating and less susceptible to official narratives. This approach is more robust because economic incentives often provide a more stable and less mutable explanation for state behaviour than shifting ideologies or stated security concerns.
I now want to teach you the dynamic methods employed in the magazine to dissect intricate issues, moving beyond passive acceptance of information with the hope that you apply these methods and strategies to your future analytic work.
A hallmark of intellectual calibre is the courage to question widely accepted narratives and re-evaluate information, even when it challenges deeply ingrained beliefs. This involves identifying discrepancies and demanding accountability. The 'Afghanistan UK Bridge Magazine' consistently demonstrates this:
Directly challenging the conventional narrative of 9/11 by posing the question, "9/11 DID RUSSIA DO IT?" and questioning why Russia was "saved from attribution of full responsibility" despite evidence of its military involvement in fuelling terrorist groups.
Critiquing the mainstream media's portrayal of Viktor Khodovsky as a "Freedom Fighter," stating a lack of "palpable evidence" for the significant impact of President Putin's anti-corruption reforms on Russia's economy or military.
Reviewing historical accounts by Pamela Smith and Fred Fieldman/Georges Sayad, explicitly pointing out their biases, such as legitimising terrorist activities or lacking critical analysis of foreign aid and Soviet gun influence.
Criticising historians who "pick on Folk rituals of the Kurdish nation and paint them as a distinctive element that have a definitive impact on the way the Kurdish are treated".
The magazine's consistent willingness to challenge established narratives and official explanations, particularly on sensitive topics, demonstrates a high degree of intellectual courage and a commitment to a more complete, albeit potentially uncomfortable, truth. This is not merely about disagreement; it is about actively seeking alternative explanations and demanding a deeper level of evidence and accountability from all parties, which is crucial for advancing knowledge. This approach teaches that true analysis involves an active, sceptical engagement with existing knowledge, pushing boundaries rather than merely summarising them.
Political personas and national identities are often carefully constructed. Effective analysis involves looking beyond the public image to discern the strategic intent, economic drivers, or historical legacies they serve. The 'Afghanistan UK Bridge Magazine' exemplifies this by:
Deconstructing "Russia, the Last Slavic Bully Warrior" as a "commercial persona built by Stalin" to justify fuelling and profiting from conflicts.
Arguing that Russia's persona evolved from an "oppressive economic force" vested in Communist ideology to a "Liberator" solely to maintain a "strategic commercial position" in post-colonial economies.
Contrasting the Russian Ministry of Defence's self-portrayal on its website (mil.ru) as a "peacekeeping National force" with the British Parliament's assessment of the Russian Federation Military of Defence as a "potential threat" to the UK and NATO countries.
Exposing Russia's "propaganda machine" through historical accounts like Vasili Mitrokhin's, which revealed the Soviet media's "conspiracy of silence about the systematic destruction of thousands of Afghan villages".
The deconstruction of the "Russia, the Last Slavic Bully Warrior" persona reveals a sophisticated understanding of strategic communication and nation-branding in international relations. This implies that national identity and foreign policy rhetoric are often carefully constructed tools designed to achieve specific economic or geopolitical ends, rather than genuine reflections of internal values. This adds a deeper analytical layer, incorporating elements of media studies and political psychology, and teaches that to improve analysis, one must understand that political narratives are not always organic. This approach enables a more critical interpretation of international actors' behaviour by prompting inquiry into the purpose behind a persona.
Complex issues rarely fit neatly into a single academic discipline. Robust analysis requires drawing insights from history, political science, economics, sociology, and other fields to build a comprehensive understanding. The articles in the 'Afghanistan UK Bridge Magazine' seamlessly demonstrate this by:
Blending historical context, such as the Soviet 'nomenclature' system and the 1979 Afghanistan invasion, with contemporary economic data, including Russian financial documents related to landmines , and political analysis, such as NATO-Russia relations.
Discussions ranging from the economics of the arms trade and natural resource exploitation to the political dynamics of nationalist movements and the sociological impact of drug addiction.
The seamless integration of historical context with contemporary economic data and political analysis, for instance, in the discussion of Russian landmines and their financial implications, demonstrates a crucial interdisciplinary skill. It illustrates how historical patterns, such as Soviet-era corruption, continue to shape present economic realities and military strategies, providing a holistic, rather than siloed understanding of complex issues. This approach teaches that intellectual calibre stems from the ability to synthesise information from various domains to form a richer, more nuanced understanding of real-world problems.
Now I will teach you how I developed and mastered the practical aspects of identifying, evaluating, and effectively using online resources, a key component of effective academic analysis.
Specialised digital archives are invaluable repositories of primary source material. Knowing how to identify and effectively navigate these platforms can unlock unique insights. In the Special Issue 9/11 'Afghanistan UK Bridge Magazine' I explicitly highlighted the "Digital Archive-International History Declassified at the Wilson Centre" as my "most reliable source of work" for primary sources on the Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan. Specific documents cited from this archive include the Communist Party of the Soviet Union Central Committee statement from March 1979 and the "TRANSCRIPT OF BREZHNEV HONECKER SUMMIT IN EAST BERLIN (EXCERPT ON IRAN AND AFGHANISTAN)".
The specific mention and effective utilisation of the Wilson Centre Digital Archive underscore the importance of identifying and prioritising specialised, curated digital collections for primary source research. This implies a strategic awareness of the digital academic landscape and the ability to pinpoint high-value, niche repositories that offer authentic, declassified information, which is far more impactful than general web searches. This approach teaches that improving resource utilisation involves knowing which websites are authoritative and why, guiding researchers to goldmines for primary research rather than merely relying on broad search engines.
Not all online information holds equal value or credibility. A critical analyst must rigorously evaluate the credibility, authority, bias, and currency of online sources to ensure the integrity of their research. I demonstrated this with 'Afghanistan UK Bridge Magazine' through my selective and critical engagement with various sources:
US Department of Justice & Library of Congress Reports: These are cited as authoritative, with specific findings highlighted and synthesised. I then critically use these findings to question official narratives.
Journalistic Interviews (BBC): An interview with a US General is acknowledged as providing "palpable knowledge".
Government/Think Tank Reports: Reports from entities such as the Swedish Defence Research Agency, the Foreign Policy Centre, and the Japan Ministry of Foreign Affairs are critically evaluated for their insights and potential biases.
NATO Documents: These are utilised to understand official positions and counter-propaganda efforts.
Critique of Biased Historical Works: Books by Pamela Smith and Fred Fieldman/Georges Sayad are explicitly criticised for their "discursive way," "biased" accounts, and "lack critical analysis".
The detailed evaluation of diverse government and think tank reports reveals an advanced understanding of institutional biases and strategic communication. It is not merely about what a report states, but who commissioned it, why it was produced, and how its findings align or diverge from other sources. This indicates a meta-level analysis of information ecosystems, recognising that even authoritative sources might have underlying agendas or specific interpretive frameworks. This approach teaches that improving resource utilisation requires looking beyond the surface of "official" documents and considering their context, purpose, and potential biases, thereby enhancing the quality of the evidence base.
No single source provides a complete picture. Cross-referencing information across multiple, diverse sources is essential for validating facts, identifying contradictions, and constructing a comprehensive and defensible argument. I consistently employed this strategy in the Afghanistan UK Bridge Magazine:
US Congress Reports and BBC Interview: Findings from the Library of Congress report (2002) concerning Russian military involvement in drug trafficking and fuelling terrorism are reinforced and updated by a 2018 BBC interview with a US General confirming ongoing Russian gun supply to the Taliban. This demonstrates the continuity of a problem and sustained US awareness.
Historical Soviet Stance vs. US 2001 Stance: I compared Brezhnev's 1979 statements blaming Iran and Pakistan for destabilising Afghanistan with the US's 2001 stance, highlighting historical parallels and questioning the coherence of US policy.
Russian MOD vs. British Parliament/NATO: I contrasted Russia's self-portrayal as a "peacekeeping National force" on its official website with the British Parliament's assessment of Russia as a "potential threat" and NATO's efforts to counter Russian propaganda. This exposes significant contradictions.
Mitrokhin Archive and Borovik's 'The Hidden War': These accounts are used to illustrate the historical pattern of Russian propaganda and media control, reinforcing the argument that NATO is still countering similar narratives today.
The consistent cross-referencing to expose contradictions or reinforce arguments, such as NATO documents countering Russian propaganda, highlights the critical skill of triangulation. This process of validating or invalidating claims by comparing them across multiple, often conflicting, sources is fundamental to building a robust and defensible analytical argument, moving beyond mere assertion to substantiated claims. This approach teaches that true analytical strength derives from the synthesis of diverse information, not merely its accumulation.
Principle
Description
How to Apply
Example from my AUB Magazine
Emphasis on Primary Sources
Seeking original documents, data, and direct accounts to build arguments from foundational evidence.
Prioritise finding original reports, declassified archives, and direct statements over secondary interpretations.
Citing the U.S. Department of Justice Report on Russian Organised Crime (2001) and the Wilson Centre Digital Archive for Soviet invasion documents.
Chronological & Causal Linking
Connecting events logically to understand cause-and-effect relationships and historical patterns.
Trace events over time to identify how past actions influence present situations and recurring patterns.
Linking 2000 US/Russian elections to subsequent crackdowns, and Al Qaeda's rise to Afghan resistance divisions.
Identifying Underlying Motivations
Going beyond stated intentions to uncover the economic, political, and ideological forces driving actions.
Always investigate the financial and power motivations, even when other reasons are publicly stated.
Asserting Russia and Israel allied for "money and power" in defence/natural resources markets.
Challenging Conventional Narratives
Questioning widely accepted views and critically examining biases in other accounts and media portrayals.
Adopt a sceptical approach; ask "why?" and "what's missing?" Actively seek counter-narratives.
Directly asking "9/11 DID RUSSIA DO IT?" and critiquing mainstream media's portrayal of Viktor Khodovsky.
Deconstructing Political Personas
Analysing how political images and national identities are constructed to serve strategic purposes.
Look beyond public images to discern strategic intent, economic drivers, or historical legacies.
Deconstructing "Russia, the Last Slavic Bully Warrior" as a "commercial persona built by Stalin".
Interdisciplinary Synthesis
Integrating insights from history, political science, economics, sociology, and other relevant fields.
Combine perspectives from various disciplines to build a comprehensive, holistic understanding of complex issues.
Blending historical context (Soviet 'nomenklatura') with contemporary economic data (Russian financial documents) and political analysis (NATO relations).
I will now translate the analytical approaches applied in the 'Afghanistan UK Bridge Magazine' into actionable steps for the aspiring researcher.
To elevate analytical capabilities, one must first foster a perpetually critical mindset. This involves:
Questioning Everything: Adopt the magazine's sceptical approach. Never accept information at face value, especially from official or mainstream sources. Consistently ask "why?" and "what's missing?" from any given narrative.
Seeking Counter-Narratives: Actively search for alternative explanations and dissenting voices. Understand that all sources, including one's own interpretive frameworks, carry inherent biases. Consciously engage with perspectives that challenge initial assumptions.
Embracing Complexity: Resist the urge for simplistic answers or binary interpretations. Recognise that most complex issues possess multiple layers of causation, diverse perspectives, and often, no single, easy solution.
A robust analytical process is built upon a systematic and disciplined research methodology:
Define Your Query Precisely: Begin every analytical endeavour with a clear, focused, and well-articulated question. A precise question guides the research and ensures relevance of findings.
Prioritise Primary Sources: Make it a "natural vocation" to seek original documents, raw data, and direct accounts. These foundational materials offer the most unmediated understanding of events.
Map Causal Chains: Do not merely list events. Instead, connect them logically to understand the intricate cause-and-effect relationships and identify overarching historical patterns. This moves analysis from description to explanation.
Follow the Money/Power: Consistently investigate the economic and political motivations behind actions, even when other reasons are explicitly stated. Often, material interests provide the most fundamental explanations for behaviour.
Employ Interdisciplinary Lenses: Integrate insights from history, economics, political science, sociology, and other relevant fields. This multi-faceted approach builds a holistic and nuanced understanding of complex issues.
Translating principles into practice requires concrete actions in how resources are managed and analysis is presented:
Curate Your Digital Library: Develop and maintain a personal, organised list of trusted digital archives (such as the Wilson Centre Digital Archive), official government databases, and reputable academic or think tank websites pertinent to your field of study.
Practice Source Evaluation: For every online resource encountered, systematically ask: Who created this? What is their potential agenda or bias? Is the information current and relevant? What is the stated purpose of the document? Is the information supported by verifiable evidence or peer review?
Master Triangulation: Systematically compare information from at least three diverse and independent sources. This process is crucial for validating facts, identifying inconsistencies, and building a comprehensive and defensible argument.
Engage in "Historical Activism": As suggested by me in the commission of particular issues of the magazine, use your analytical skills to challenge harmful or inaccurate narratives and advocate for a more accurate and just understanding of history. This transforms analysis into a tool for positive intellectual and societal contribution.
Refine Your Writing: Continuously practice articulating complex analyses clearly, concisely, and persuasively. Aim to mirror the magazine's ability to present deep insights in an accessible and impactful manner, ensuring your findings resonate with your audience.
Resource Category
Examples from AUB Magazine
Evaluation Criteria
Why it Matters for Analysis
Digital Archives
Wilson Center Digital Archive
Authority: Is the archive curated by a reputable academic or governmental institution? Completeness: Does it offer comprehensive collections of primary sources? Accessibility: Is it easy to navigate and retrieve specific documents?
Provides direct access to original, often declassified, primary sources, offering unmediated historical context and evidence.
Government/Official Reports
US Department of Justice Report (2001), Library of Congress-Federal Research Division (2002), Swedish Defence Research Agency (2008), Japan Ministry of Foreign Affairs (2016), British Parliament's Defence Committee (2016-17)
Origin: Who commissioned the report and what is their mandate? Bias: Does the issuing body have a vested interest or political agenda? Evidence Base: Are claims supported by data, research, or expert consensus?
Offers official perspectives and data, but requires critical assessment for institutional biases and strategic communication behind the findings.
Reputable News/Journalism
BBC interview with US General Justin Rowlatt (2018), Sunday Telegraph article by Yuri Krotkov (1970)
Reputation: Is the news organization known for journalistic integrity? Fact-Checking: Are claims verified by multiple sources? Author Expertise: Does the journalist have domain knowledge?
Provides contemporary accounts and expert commentary, useful for current events and expert opinions, but may require cross-referencing for full context.
Academic Databases/Journals
Not explicitly listed as URLs, but academic books are cited (e.g., Zoltan Barany, Richard Deacon, Vasili Mitrokhin, Paul Dukes)
Peer Review: Is the content peer-reviewed by experts in the field? Citation: Are sources properly cited and traceable? Methodology: Is the research methodology transparent and sound?
Offers in-depth, rigorously researched analyses and theoretical frameworks, forming the backbone of scholarly understanding.
Think Tank Publications
The Foreign Policy Centre (2016)
Funding: Who funds the think tank, and what are their affiliations? Stance: Does the organisation have a known ideological or political leaning? Rigour: Is the research well-supported and logically argued?
Provides policy-oriented research and analysis, often offering specific policy recommendations and alternative perspectives to official government views.
You might now want to think twice when you witness graduates produce statements such as ‘ I wish I had analytical skills’, and ‘ I wish I could do more than retain information’.
This simply because you are now equipped with the tools to think analytically, and therefore, you now know that in this context, method and practice makes it possible to most.
Hope this is a resource you will utilise for your benefit and for the benefit of many. Please change the world for the better.
The 'Afghanistan UK Bridge Magazine' serves as a powerful testament to the profound impact of rigorous academic analysis and strategic resource utilisation. By internalising its foundational principles—a fervent engagement with primary sources, the meticulous linking of causal events, and the relentless pursuit of underlying economic and political motivations—the aspiring researcher can significantly elevate their intellectual calibre.
Furthermore, by adopting the magazine's dynamic analytical approach—which involves courageously challenging conventional narratives, deconstructing carefully crafted political personas, and embracing interdisciplinary synthesis—individuals can cultivate a sharper, more penetrating intellectual edge. In a world that increasingly demands sophisticated and nuanced insights, the continuous cultivation of these advanced analytical skills will ensure enduring usefulness and substantial intellectual contribution in all future writing.
Thank you for attending my master class 'Enhancing Academic Analysis and Strategic Resource Utilisation: Lessons from the 2018 Afghanistan UK Bridge Magazine'.
I will now take your questions.
Ariane Denise Brito
Founder and Formal Editor of Afghanistan UK Bridge Magazine
London, 31st July 2025